The purpose of this study is to develop a public evaluation index for infectious disease crisis communication and to understand the importance and meaning of public evaluation by applying the infectious disease crisis communication evaluation index to the COVID-19 situation. Theoretically guided by a logic model, the development of public evaluation indicators, the results of the COVID-19 crisis communication were divided into short-term, interim, and long-term effect. An online survey was conducted with 800 general public to derive evaluation indicators. Reliability and validity test were done through exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation model analysis. As a result, the public evaluation index was divided into three stages and causal relationship between short-term, interim and long-term was found. The higher the exposure, understanding, and preference of the COVID-19 crisis communication message, the higher the sympathy and informational efficacy of COVID-19 knowledge and crisis communication principles, while the uncertainty and confidence in rumors decreased. In addition, the higher the COVID-19 knowledge and the information efficacy, the smaller the information gap, the higher the health behavior intention, the better the quality of communication of the health authorities and the better the reputation of the health authorities, the higher the policy support. This study is meaningful in that it integrates the discussion of crisis communication and communication evaluation by composing public evaluation indicators by adding to the discussion on crisis communication evaluated by the public and arranging applicable items as standardized indicators.